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  In Kotlin, strings are sequences of characters and are represented by the   String   type. Strings are immutable, meaning that once a string is created, it cannot be changed. However, you can perform various operations on strings to create new strings. Below are some key features and operations related to strings in Kotlin:

  In Kotlin, arrays are used to store multiple values of the same type in a single variable. Kotlin provides several ways to create and work with arrays. Here's an overview of arrays in Kotlin: 1.  Creating Arrays Kotlin provides the  arrayOf()  function to create arrays of a specific type. Example: kotlin Copy val numbers = arrayOf ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ) // Array of integers val names = arrayOf ( "Alice" , "Bob" , "Charlie" ) // Array of strings For primitive types, Kotlin provides specialized array classes like  IntArray ,  DoubleArray ,  BooleanArray , etc., which are more efficient. Example:

 Kotlin functions are a fundamental building block of the language, allowing you to organize and reuse code. Here's a breakdown of key concepts: Basic Function Structure:  * fun keyword:

 Iteration in Kotlin is versatile and offers several ways to loop through collections, ranges, and other iterable structures. Here's a breakdown of the common iteration techniques: 1. for Loops:  * Iterating over a collection:    val fruits = listOf("apple", "banana", "cherry") for (fruit in fruits) {     println(fruit) }

 In Kotlin, the "if-else ladder" is a way to handle multiple conditions sequentially. It allows your program to check a series of conditions and execute the corresponding code block when a condition is met. Here's a breakdown: How it Works:  * Sequential Checking:    * The conditions are checked in the order they appear.    * Once a condition evaluates to true, the associated code block is executed, and the rest of the ladder is skipped.

 When discussing "selection" in Kotlin, it's important to differentiate between general conditional selection (like if and when expressions) and the more specialized select expression used with Kotlin coroutines. Here's a breakdown: 1. Basic Conditional Selection:  * if expression:    * This is the fundamental way to make decisions in Kotlin.    * It allows you to execute different blocks of code based on a boolean condition.

 Kotlin, like many programming languages, uses operators to perform various operations on values. Here's a breakdown of the common operator categories in Kotlin: 1. Arithmetic Operators: + : Addition - : Subtraction * : Multiplication / : Division % : Remainder (modulo) 2. Assignment Operators: