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 Encapsulation in C# is a core concept in object-oriented programming (OOP) that focuses on bundling data (fields) and the methods that operate on that data within a single unit (a class). It also involves controlling access to that data, preventing direct and unauthorized modification. Key aspects of encapsulation: Data Hiding: Protecting the internal state of an object by making its fields private. This prevents external code from directly accessing and modifying the data, ensuring data integrity. Access Control: Providing controlled access to the data through public methods (getters and setters or properties). This allows you to define rules and logic for how the data can be accessed and modified. Bundling: Combining data and methods within a class, creating a self-contained unit that represents a specific concept or entity. How encapsulation is achieved in C#: Access Modifiers: C# provides access modifiers to control the visibility and accessibility of class members: ...

Polymorphism (meaning "many forms") is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming (OOP) that allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common type. In C#, polymorphism is achieved through two main mechanisms:   1. Compile-Time Polymorphism (Static Polymorphism/Overloading): This type of polymorphism is resolved at compile time. It's achieved through method overloading and operator overloading. Method Overloading: Defining multiple methods within the same class with the same name but different parameter lists (different number, types, or order of parameters). The compiler determines which method to call based on the arguments provided during the method call. C# public class Calculator { public int Add ( int a, int b ) { return a + b; } public double Add ( double a, double b ) { return a + b; } public int Add ( int a, int b, int c ) { return a + b + c; ...

Objects and Classes in C# In C#, objects and classes are fundamental concepts of object-oriented programming (OOP). They allow you to model real-world entities and their behaviors in your code. Classes  * Blueprints: Classes are like blueprints for creating objects. They define the properties (data members) and methods (functions) that an object of that class will have.  * Properties: These represent the attributes or characteristics of an object. For example, a Person class might have properties like Name, Age, and Address.  * Methods: These define the actions or behaviors that an object can perform. For example, a Car class might have methods like StartEngine(), StopEngine(), and Accelerate(). Example: A Car Class public class Car {     public string Model { get; set; }     public int Year { get; set; }     public string Color { get; set; }     public void StartEngine()     {         Console.WriteLine...

OOPs Concepts in C# Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that revolves around the concept of "objects." These objects have properties (data) and behaviors (methods). C# is a powerful language that fully supports OOP principles. Let's delve into the core concepts: 1. Encapsulation  * Hiding Implementation Details: Encapsulation involves bundling data (attributes) and methods (functions) that operate on that data within a single unit called a class.  * Access Modifiers: C# provides access modifiers like public, private, protected, and internal to control the visibility of class members.  * Example: public class Person {     private string name;     private int age;     public void SetName(string name)     {         this.name = name;     }     public string GetName()     {         return name;     }     // ... other methods ...

String Methods in C# C# provides a rich set of methods to manipulate strings, making it easy to perform various operations like searching, replacing, formatting, and more. Here are some of the most commonly used string methods: Basic String Operations Length: Returns the number of characters in the string. C# string str = "Hello, World!"; int length = str.Length; // length = 13 ToUpper() and ToLower(): Converts the string to uppercase or lowercase. C# string str = "hello, world!"; string upper = str.ToUpper(); // upper = "HELLO, WORLD!" string lower = str.ToLower(); // lower = "hello, world!" Trim(): Removes leading and trailing whitespace. C# string str = " Hello, World! "; string trimmed = str.Trim(); // trimmed = "Hello, World!" Substring(): Extracts a substring from the string. C# string str = "Hello, World!"; string substring = str.Substring(7, 5); // substring = "World" Searching and Replacing In...

Strings in C# In C#, strings are sequences of characters enclosed in double quotes (""). They are represented by the string keyword and are immutable, meaning their value cannot be changed after creation. Creating Strings: string greeting = "Hello, world!"; Accessing Characters: You can access individual characters using index-based access: char firstChar = greeting[0]; // 'H' String Length: To get the length of a string, use the Length property: int length = greeting.Length; // 13 String Concatenation: You can combine strings using the + operator or the Concat method: string firstName = "Alice"; string lastName = "Johnson"; string fullName = firstName + " " + lastName; // "Alice Johnson" string fullName2 = string.Concat(firstName, " ", lastName); // "Alice Johnson" String Comparison: You can compare strings using the == and != operators, or the Equals method: string str1 = "Hello"; string...

  Arrays in C# In C#, arrays are a collection of variables that share the same data type. They provide a convenient way to store and manipulate multiple values under a single name. Types of Arrays in C# Single-Dimensional Arrays: A linear collection of elements, accessed using a single index. Declaration: C# int [] numbers = new int [ 5 ]; // Declares an array of 5 integers Initialization: C# int [] numbers = { 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 }; // Initializes with values Access: C# int firstNumber = numbers[ 0 ]; // Access the first element Multi-Dimensional Arrays: Arrays with multiple dimensions, accessed using multiple indices.